在英语中,非谓语是指不带有时态和主语限定的动词形式,它可以作为名词、形容词或副词使用。非谓语的形式包括动词不定式、动名词和分词。在本文中,我们将详细介绍什么是非谓语,以及非谓语的用法有哪些。
一、什么是非谓语?
非谓语是指不带有时态和主语限定的动词形式。它可以作为名词、形容词或副词使用。常见的非谓语形式包括动词不定式、动名词和分词。
1. 动词不定式
动词不定式是由“to + 动词原形”构成的形式,例如:to eat、to play、to study等。它可以作为主语、宾语、表语、宾补、定语和状语使用。
例如:
To learn English well is very important.(主语)
I want to go to the park.(宾语)
My dream is to be a teacher.(表语)
I find it difficult to understand the article.(宾补)
The best way to learn English is to practice more.(定语)
I wake up early to catch the train.(状语)
2. 动名词
动名词是由动词+ing构成的形式,例如:eating、playing、studying等。它可以作为主语、宾语、表语、定语和状语使用。
例如:
Eating too much is bad for your health.(主语)
I enjoy playing basketball with my friends.(宾语)
Her hobby is singing.(表语)
The man standing over there is my father.(定语)
She left the room crying.(状语)
3. 分词
分词有现在分词和过去分词两种形式。现在分词是由动词+ing构成的形式,例如:eating、playing、studying等;过去分词是由动词的过去分词形式构成的,例如:eaten、played、studied等。它们都可以作为形容词和状语使用。
例如:
The girl wearing a red dress is my sister.(形容词)
The book written by Mark Twain is very interesting.(形容词)
Feeling tired, I went to bed early.(状语)
Having finished my homework, I watched TV.(状语)
二、非谓语的用法
1. 作主语
非谓语可以作为句子的主语,例如:
To travel around the world is my dream.
Swimming is good for your health.
2. 作宾语
非谓语可以作为句子的宾语,例如:
I like playing basketball.
She hates cleaning the house.
3. 作表语
非谓语可以作为句子的表语,例如:
My hobby is reading books.
His dream is to be a scientist.
4. 作宾补
非谓语可以作为宾语的补足语,例如:
I found it difficult to understand the article.
He made me laugh by telling jokes.
5. 作定语
非谓语可以作为名词的定语,例如:
The best way to learn English is to practice more.
The girl wearing a red dress is my sister.
6. 作状语
非谓语可以作为句子的状语,例如:
Feeling tired, I went to bed early.
Having finished my homework, I watched TV.
总结
非谓语是指不带有时态和主语限定的动词形式,包括动词不定式、动名词和分词。它可以作为名词、形容词或副词使用,常见的用法包括作主语、宾语、表语、宾补、定语和状语。掌握非谓语的用法对于学习英语语法和提高英语表达能力都非常有帮助。
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